In Response:
To the BBC History Magazine
Racist Articles in the Vol 21 No 8
Aug 2020
BBC History Magazine, August 2020 issue, has several articles misconstruing and intentionally misleading, regarding the period in United States’ history leading up to The War of 1861 a.k.a. The American Civil War, and the subsequent 150 years of alleged systemic racism, let us call it from 1820 C.E. through today. Certain omissions and rat holes should be included and mentioned as well as their reference sources, which I shall include as a bibliographic end-note. Before any reader resorts to the sewer of the (un) -social media (Twitter & Facebook), please read the books herein.
Prior to 1619 C.E., the 15+ British colonies of North America, let us not forget Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and the other Canadian establishments, had all prohibited slavery, allowing only for indentured servitude.[1] The colonial economic system of the time was Mercantilism, a form known for its monopolistic and crony capitalistic practices. Of the many monopolies of the time, the monopoly of The Slave Trade belonged to the British Crown. The Crown received a percentage of every slave sale within The Empire, and, no slaver could legally trade slaves without the Royal Imprimatur.
When the slaver tried to sell his slaves in Virginia in 1619, he was turned away as slavery was illegal in Virginia, and all of British North America.
Knowing that what he was doing was legal within The Empire, the slaver complained, The Colonial Office issued a Writ requiring all of the North American Colonies to open slave markets throughout, and slavery was forced, by an Act of The Crown, upon the British Colonies in North America; and, The King got a cut of every slave sale.
From this point on, the issue of slavery becomes a very sensitive political, religious, and divisive socio-economic issue. Several of the volumes in the end-note deal with it, but space being limited, I’ll simply state that slavery, except for certain religious reasons, is an economic condition, to which Race has been irrelevant throughout history. The fact that so many Africans were imported to the Western Hemisphere, less than 9% to the British Colonies of North America, was more due to the fact that they were predominantly used as agricultural workers in the Southern Region. Irish slaves were sold as predominantly domestics in the Northern and Atlantic Regions.
Africans taken into slavery were predominantly taken by other Africans, over 83%, in inter-tribal wars and raids, and then sold to European traders through the end of the 18th Century, when most if not all, of those countries with slaves started banning the slave trade, and then, slavery itself. Brazil in the 1880’s being the last country to officially end slavery. More may be said on the current condition of illegal slavery throughout the world, but I’ll leave that for another time.
Throughout U.S. history, the groups that profited from slavery were, New England shipowners and banks; British banks, factors, and manufactories’; Flemish manufactories’; and East African tribes who took the overwhelming majority of Africans into slavery. Financial records show that most plantations and slave owners, were working bankrupts, big mansions notwithstanding. Note how, in order to survive, George Washington gave up on cash crops and went to agricultural products; how Thomas Jefferson died bankrupt; &c.
In the early 18th Century, The Scottish Reformation and its Evangelicism created a heightened awareness of the humanity of all mankind. It’s impact on The Founders of These United States can be seen in their correspondence and publications but, most importantly for this essay, in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, his Rights of Man, and Thomas Jefferson’s 1776 Declaration of Independence. Slavery, as a Human and Christian institution, was unacceptable. The problem was, and remained, the amount of capital bound up in it.
With Westward Expansion, slavery moved West with the cotton. Hemp, tobacco, indigo, and potash, the foundations of Southern commercial agriculture, gave way to King Cotton with the invention of Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin. With the export of King Cotton, excise revenues exploded, and the divisions between the four Regions, North, Atlantic, South, and West[2] proved the wisdom of The Founders in creating a bi-Carmel legislature.
However, that only postponed the inevitable war.
After 1790, Jefferson and Madison, recognizing the philosophical divide between themselves as Jeffersonian Yeoman Farmers and Hamilton’s Federalist Jobbers, cobbled together The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions arguing that The Union was a voluntary union, and that is shown by the 9th and 10th Amendments. Secession, whose foundation is/was rooted in Thomas Paine’s works and in the 1776 Declaration of Independence[3], and in basic contract law, is legal and requires constant reaffirmation by each generation.The United States Military Academy’s, USMA, located at West Point in New York State, Constitutional Law course, taught that secession is/was legal.[4]
During The War of 1812, The New England states held a secession convention at Stamford Connecticut wherein they voted to not secede. In The Jackson Administration, South Carolina started to secede, and President Jackson sent former president, now Massachusetts’s Senator John Quincy Adams, to mediate a settlement. The dispute was over taxation. The West, North, and Atlantic regions, seeing the amount of cash being collected through the import excise, wanted to increase the import excise which would have put the entire burden on The South, as The South was the predominant importer. A compromise was met, and various divisive but peaceful agreements were made, which effectively permanently created different countries.
Steam.
In the 1840’s and 1850’s, steam power in the form of railroads, steam threshers, and steam tractors become deconstructive and disruptive technological advancements spelling the peaceful end to slavery but are ignored as such. As steam technology advanced, it became more productive versus slave manpower and cheaper to use and maintain. War based on abolition was stupid as slavery became more expensive than steam. Once again, the amount of capital bound into slavery was a crucial and insurmountable impediment to universal manumission.
From 1820 through 1860, taxes on The South made up over 75% of the federal government’s income. Expenditures during that time, show that over 75% of the national budget, was spent on “national improvement” projects, mostly railroads, canals, and toll roads, in the North, Atlantic, and West Regions. Southern politics allow this, as long as their labor capital is left alone or compensation made, and their representation in congress, in both houses, is unaffected. In the early 1850’s a compromise spending plan for a trans-continental railroad is cobbled together in the expectation that this will draw all four Regions together, as well as integrate the Louisiana Purchase lands and the lands taken from Mexico in 1836.
The original track for this line, was: Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Washington District of Columbia, Atlanta, Birmingham, Jackson, New Orleans, and pretty much West along where I-20 currently runs, allowing for then existing geographic and political boundaries, to The Port of Los Angeles. Ambitious project, but one that would certainly benefit all of These United States.
Didn’t happen. The Atlantic and Western Regions got The North to go along with a change, and with a majority in The House, that ran the proposed trans-continental railroad along what is now mostly I-70. So, a project that would be mostly paid by Southerners and that would benefit all, became a project that would be paid by Southerners and not benefit them at all, which was the federal government policy from 1819 forward.
This was not the only issue. The Mason-Dixon Line, the slave-free state entry into the Union issue, slaves as property[5], extension of federal jurisdiction over all water[6], suggestion to re-invade and conquer Mexico and all of Central America through to Columbia and Venezuela as well as the Caribbean, &c.
From 1620 through 1860, although treated differently, notice the prohibitions in the Indiana and Illinois state constitutions of 1848, as well as the political franchise, the post-Civil War animus and violence toward those of African descent, didn’t exist. Both slave and freemen contributions to the economy were too extant to be cavalierly dismissed.
What does trigger this animus?
In 1860, the Liberal Wing of The Republican Party, the abolitionists in particular, join with the splintered Whigs, and nominate Abraham Lincoln. With the Democrats split with two candidates, Lincoln wins the presidential election, and a significant portion of the congress goes liberal Republican.
This drives the first of two secessions.
The seven Deep South States secede and declare Birmingham the capitol of The Confederate States of America[7]. These seven states are where slavery is still strong and a viable and integral part of the economy. States like Virginia have by now, through soil ruination reduced slave populations. The Tidewater will no longer grow crops having been so depleted by King Cotton. Lincoln, in violation of Article I of the U.S. Constitution, declares that he will raise an army and bring the wayward states into line. The authority to raise an army is given to congress in Article I, not the president, and congress is in recess. Then Lincoln states that he will take his army and cross Virginia, a state who has not seceded, to get to the rebels.
Virginia and the other two border states stick to the philosophies in the 1776 Declaration of Independence & States’ Rights as delineated in the 9th and 10th Amendments, and declare that every state has the right to choose its own government. They also declare that any attempted invasion by the unionist/Lincoln army will be met with force. Lincoln proceeds, Virginia and the others secede, and Richmond is made the capital of the C.S.A. The Cause,[8] later known as The Lost Cause is the right to chose one’s own government, as declared and defined in the works of Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson. The Lost Cause is not slavery. It is those Natural Rights enumerated in the works of Thomas Paine and in the 1776 Declaration of Independence.
Lincoln’s responses lead to triggering the war and its devastation. Slavery is not originally an issue, keeping The Union united is the reason for this war.[9]
Keep in mind that up until this point, Lincoln has proposed that all of the slaves be bought and manumitted by the federal government, a process he is told by congress that is unconstitutional as congress has not the authority to buy slaves, and that he believes that all of the Africans thus freed should be shipped back to Africa at taxpayer expense.
Where comes the animus?
The American Civil War is, by far, the bloodiest world conflict to date. Each battle’s casualty list is so long that every European country blanches at them. Antietam/Sharpsburg is so bloody that both Britain and France decide that they should intercede and recognize the CSA as a free and independent country, thus permanently splintering the United States and creating a new and powerful force in North America which will balance and counter the USA’s growth and projected dominion.[10]
Lincoln knows of this European hostility towards his administration as his war has disrupted trade and caused a European recession. In cabinet, he suggests that they change the footing of the war from just union to include abolition & free trade. His first attempt at getting The Emancipation Proclamation approved fails as, once again, everyone who can read decides that Article II does not give him such authority. Lincoln persists and says that the authority to manumit stems from his position as Commander-in-Chief as this is an economic attack on a declared enemy.[11]
Politically, Britain and France, having abolished slavery years ago, for both social and religious reasons, and both with constitutional monarchies, cannot allow themselves to be tainted with supporting slavery. Both governments would be vilified and voted out of office. Thus, they do not recognize The Confederate States of America.
From this stems the violence and animus toward the African and Amer-Indian former slave.[12]
The list of atrocities perpetrated upon the Southern states are in several books in the end-note. They include Butcher Butler’s occupation of New Orleans, Grant’s burning of Jackson MS so many times even after surrendering that Jackson became known as ‘chimney-ville’, and Lincoln’s orders to take innocent hostages and if there were problems in that particular venue, hang the innocents as a lesson to the others, and the taking of personal property as “contraband” and selling it to foreign agents at discounts while keeping the proceeds for personal gain.
As The Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed, the continuation of the war and the Confederacy’s crushing defeat, economic collapse[13], and double occupation[14] came to be directly blamed on the African former slaves.
Africans and Amer-Indians were badly treated throughout the United States, North, South, Atlantic, West, and Pac-Coast. In World War I, they were drafted. In FDR’s depression, regardless of status or when hired, FDR and SCOTUS allowed Africans to be fired before Whites at the whim of employers and unions. Freedmen, and Irish & Italian immigrants were seen as threats to common wage earners yet potential sources of power to political cliques against established powers.[15]
Yet, things were gradually improving.
World War II sees the turning point and the acceptance of each to the other of both African-Americans and Euro-Americans.[16]
The melting pot of the military experience brings immeasurable assimilation based on experience and not biased talk. Everyone’s blood is red and when seen spilling out of a wound, skin color becomes irrelevant. Everyone being subject to the draft, regardless of color or other background, brings forward a personal commonality difficult to break and requiring more power than rhetoric can provide to break, in the face of common traumatic experience. The military experience of World War II and the need for labor on the home front, creation of a level playing field not seen before, and which continued, even in the Deep South, Strom Thurmond & John Stennis notwithstanding, through the assassination of Dr. King and President Johnson’s racist and SCOTUS’ approved New Society.
The statistics for the period of 1945 – 1967 are profound. Out-of-wedlock births are lower among Blacks than Whites. Upward economic mobility is greater. Educational opportunity and class standing is greater. Lower crime in Harlem NYC than in St. Albans NYC. And it goes on and on[17]. Dr. King’s equal opportunity for all is winning the day. Assimilation and personal success, based on the individual’s character and personal skill set, predominate and predict an economic utopia devoid of division and the possibility of a truly mature society, based on universal Judeo-Christian beliefs.
Moving toward equality is squashed at this point by several cultural and political events. LBJ & Co. put all sorts of exceptions in The Selective Service Act (aka “The Draft”), in §2 which applied mostly to Euro-Americans, college graduates, and specific “essential” job classifications. This disproportionately reduced the Euro-pool candidates and unfairly increased the, now, Black candidates. Affirmative action was introduced both legally and culturally as ‘reparations.’ As a practical matter, it made Blacks a privileged class and the Euro-Middle Class a subordinate, oppressed class paying all the bills, while the intellectual and establishment elites looked on and supervised the redistribution of over twenty-three trillion dollars ($23,000,000,000.00) through various ‘war’ programs and educational assistance farces.[18] Jesse Jackson and Louis Farrakhan, appear to assassinate Dr. King which kills Dr. King’s equality agenda, and they replace it with the victim/reparation Racist agenda, from which they both profit.
As anyone with a knowledge of the basics of organizational theory will tell you, with the exception of The March of Dimes and various religious charitable organizations,[19] just because an organization has reached its goal doesn’t mean that it will go away. It will always try to continue, for good or ill, to keep itself alive, functioning, and providing wages for its employees and benefits, financial or otherwise, to its founders +/or successors. Government programs are no different. Now that a group of permanent victims has been established, and a group defined as oppressors who may be permanently charged with fiscal liability, and a bureaucratic oligopoly[20] created to feed off of this fisc, Racism, based not on race but on the amount of melanin[21] in one’s skin, will go on until either the economic incentives fail or Thomas Chittum’s Civil War II predictions are fulfilled.
Racism in the United State of America is not systemic; it is economic and as long as a regulated Free Market is our economic foundation, will gradually disappear so long as each generation progresses toward complete cultural assimilation; however, Racism, both Euro-Phobic and Afro-Phobic, will continue for as long as some profit from it and its divisiveness, or until the taxpayer revolts and an equal playing field is introduced.
Bibliography
Adams, Charles Slavery, Secession & Civil War
Bartlett, Bruce Wrong on Race
Borneman, Walter R. 1812, The War that Forged a Nation
Callaway, Colin G. The Scratch of a Pen 1763
Cooper, William Jefferson Davis, American
Cox-Richardson, Heather The Death of Reconstruction
Detzer, David Allegiance
Lefkowitz, Mary Not Out of Africa
DiLorenzo, Thomas The Real Lincoln
Hamilton’s Curse
Ellis, Joseph J. Founding Brothers
His Excellency George Washington
Foner, Eric Reconstruction
Foote, Shelby The Civil War: a narrative
Freehling, William Secession
The Road to Disunion (2 Volumes)
Goldsworthy, Adrian The Complete Roman Army
Kaminski, John P. The Founders on the Founders
Kennedy & Kennedy The South Was Right
Kennedy, Roger G. Mr. Jefferson’s Lost Cause
Kukla, Jon A Wilderness so Immense
Maier, Pauline Ratification
Mapp, Alf J. Thomas Jefferson
Marshall, Taylor Thomas Aquinas in 50 Pages
Mason, Matthew Slavery and Politics in the Early American Republic
McCullough, David John Adams
McDonald, Forrest States’ Rights and the Union
McLemore, Richard A History of Mississippi
Middlekauff, Robert The Glorious Cause
von Mises, Ludwig Human Action
Paine, Thomas Common Sense
Rights of Man
Rothbard, Murray N. Conceived in Liberty (5 volumes)
Schumpeter, Joseph A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Shankman, Andrew Crucible of American Democracy
Sowell, Thomas Vision of the Anointed
Intellectuals and Race
Discrimination and Disparities
Taylor, Alan American Colonies
Thomas, Hugh The Slave Trade
de Tocqueville Democracy in America (2 volumes)
Weisberger, Bernard A. America Afire
Willis, Garry James Madison
[1] Dating back to who knows when. The Roman Legions had enlisted periods starting at 20 years, with, if they wanted to keep you, an option for another ten, and it was at tens thereafter.
[2] Particularly the Ohio River Valley portion of the West, which remained occupied by the Royal Army until 1819 as it took that long for the accords of The Treaty of Versailles 1783 to be fulfilled
[3] “When in the course of human events” – the declaration includes, as do numerous other works, that a people have The Right to establish their own choice of government, as well as that all governmental power derives from The People and that it is a Natural Right, derived from God.
[4] This is one of the principle reasons that so many graduates of the USMA who graduated in the upper half of their classes, went to the Confederacy as generals.
[5] Scott vs Davis, (The Dredd Scott Decision) of the US Supreme Court declaring humans as property – slaves -are not protected by the US Constitution. Another incorrect, political decision by unelected officials.
[6] Justice Story, “if it’s a corncob in a bucket, it’s federal jurisdiction.”
[7] The legal legitimacy for the CSA exists in two arguments: one, the CSA was formed in exactly the same manner as the USA in 1776, and two, read Tom Paine’s pamphlets and the 1776 Declaration of Independence. Both arguments are irrefutable as long as you accept that the USA is legitimate and the statements of Paine and Jefferson are true.
[8] In 1776, known as The Glorious Cause.
[9] An interesting aside at this point: Missouri holds a secession convention and votes to not secede. The MO secessionists recess to Springfield MO and vote to secede, to which the rest of the state mostly ignores them, until … Lincoln sends General Fremont to invade Missouri, which he does at St. Louis declaring Martial Law, to bring them back in line! Decades later, Fremont’s daughter admits that Fremont took the commission so that he could form a kingdom, with himself as king, in the middle of the continent and along the Mississippi River while the rest of the country went to hell in a self-consuming war.
[10] Formalized later as Manifest Destiny, but such was already talked about in the 1790’s and when Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase.
[11] Never mind that there was never a declaration of war as that would have legitimized the CSA, nor, if you actually read it, that it frees no slaves as it only applies to those regions in rebellion where his writ does not run. Read it carefully, it frees NO slaves and leaves those enslaved in union states, like Maryland and Delaware, still enslaved. Slavery is not ended in the USA until passage of the 13th Amendment in 1866.
[12] Keep in mind that according to the 1860 census, 59% of US slaves were of African descent and 38% from Native American Tribes. The rest were made up, mostly, of Chinese and Irish Catholics.
[13] The loss of capital caused by the universal manumission. Anybody know how the union slave states were reimbursed for their slaves?
[14] The first being as the war ended and “Reconstruction” and its carpet baggers took over, and the second when the proposed 14th Amendment was rejected by the Southern states and as a punishment the Southern representatives were ejected from congress and the South reoccupied.
[15] Look at the political corruption in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia during these years. Look at Tammany Hall and the Joseph Kennedy political shenanigans.
[16] For a really good look at 1945 through 2020 read anything by Thomas Sowell, start with his Vision of the Anointed, and make sure that you look at all of his source material.
[17] See Dr. Sowell’s many works on these subjects.
[18] ‘War on Poverty,’ ‘War on Crime,’ ‘Pell Grants,’ ‘War on Drugs.’ ‘The Head Start Program.’ ‘Public Television’ & ‘Public Radio’ – Sesame Street & Evening Commentary ; note that ALL of these programs violate SCOTUS’s Disparate Outcome from Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka which is the test for unconstitutional discrimination. A test that is only applied when Blacks scream discrimination. Notice how it is not used in the current Asian-American Lawsuits against universities for admissions discrimination.
[19] The March of Dimes has moved on to Muscular Dystrophy as a cause and other medical researches, whereas as long as there are poor and disadvantaged among us, The Salvation Army, Sisters of Carondelet, St. Vincent de Paul Society, Samaritan’s Purse, &c, will always be with us and to our benefit and succor. Notice how The Southern Poverty Law Center and The ACLU have taken up the most absurd issues while refusing to take on any cause of action that benefits or diminishes the unfair burdens on Euro-Americans or diminishes African-American windfalls and tax redistributions.
[20] Not at all limited to government bureaucracies. Notice how the corporate world has taken to hiring ‘diversity’ officers, universities with Ethnic and Gender Studies programs, all taught by racists and sexists with vested interests in the continuation of both of these prejudices so that they won’t have to get economically productive positions, LGBTQ commissioners hired to see that homosexual technique is properly taught in high schools in Colorado, how all sorts of resources are wasted in non-productive areas.
[21] Skin color
Justplainbill's Weblog 
In Response to BBC History Magazine articles in Vol 21 No 8; Aug 2020
In Response:
To the BBC History Magazine
Racist Articles in the Vol 21 No 8
Aug 2020
BBC History Magazine, August 2020 issue, has several articles misconstruing and intentionally misleading, regarding the period in United States’ history leading up to The War of 1861 a.k.a. The American Civil War, and the subsequent 150 years of alleged systemic racism, let us call it from 1820 C.E. through today. Certain omissions and rat holes should be included and mentioned as well as their reference sources, which I shall include as a bibliographic end-note. Before any reader resorts to the sewer of the (un) -social media (Twitter & Facebook), please read the books herein.
Prior to 1619 C.E., the 15+ British colonies of North America, let us not forget Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and the other Canadian establishments, had all prohibited slavery, allowing only for indentured servitude.[1] The colonial economic system of the time was Mercantilism, a form known for its monopolistic and crony capitalistic practices. Of the many monopolies of the time, the monopoly of The Slave Trade belonged to the British Crown. The Crown received a percentage of every slave sale within The Empire, and, no slaver could legally trade slaves without the Royal Imprimatur.
When the slaver tried to sell his slaves in Virginia in 1619, he was turned away as slavery was illegal in Virginia, and all of British North America.
Knowing that what he was doing was legal within The Empire, the slaver complained, The Colonial Office issued a Writ requiring all of the North American Colonies to open slave markets throughout, and slavery was forced, by an Act of The Crown, upon the British Colonies in North America; and, The King got a cut of every slave sale.
From this point on, the issue of slavery becomes a very sensitive political, religious, and divisive socio-economic issue. Several of the volumes in the end-note deal with it, but space being limited, I’ll simply state that slavery, except for certain religious reasons, is an economic condition, to which Race has been irrelevant throughout history. The fact that so many Africans were imported to the Western Hemisphere, less than 9% to the British Colonies of North America, was more due to the fact that they were predominantly used as agricultural workers in the Southern Region. Irish slaves were sold as predominantly domestics in the Northern and Atlantic Regions.
Africans taken into slavery were predominantly taken by other Africans, over 83%, in inter-tribal wars and raids, and then sold to European traders through the end of the 18th Century, when most if not all, of those countries with slaves started banning the slave trade, and then, slavery itself. Brazil in the 1880’s being the last country to officially end slavery. More may be said on the current condition of illegal slavery throughout the world, but I’ll leave that for another time.
Throughout U.S. history, the groups that profited from slavery were, New England shipowners and banks; British banks, factors, and manufactories’; Flemish manufactories’; and East African tribes who took the overwhelming majority of Africans into slavery. Financial records show that most plantations and slave owners, were working bankrupts, big mansions notwithstanding. Note how, in order to survive, George Washington gave up on cash crops and went to agricultural products; how Thomas Jefferson died bankrupt; &c.
In the early 18th Century, The Scottish Reformation and its Evangelicism created a heightened awareness of the humanity of all mankind. It’s impact on The Founders of These United States can be seen in their correspondence and publications but, most importantly for this essay, in Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, his Rights of Man, and Thomas Jefferson’s 1776 Declaration of Independence. Slavery, as a Human and Christian institution, was unacceptable. The problem was, and remained, the amount of capital bound up in it.
With Westward Expansion, slavery moved West with the cotton. Hemp, tobacco, indigo, and potash, the foundations of Southern commercial agriculture, gave way to King Cotton with the invention of Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin. With the export of King Cotton, excise revenues exploded, and the divisions between the four Regions, North, Atlantic, South, and West[2] proved the wisdom of The Founders in creating a bi-Carmel legislature.
However, that only postponed the inevitable war.
After 1790, Jefferson and Madison, recognizing the philosophical divide between themselves as Jeffersonian Yeoman Farmers and Hamilton’s Federalist Jobbers, cobbled together The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions arguing that The Union was a voluntary union, and that is shown by the 9th and 10th Amendments. Secession, whose foundation is/was rooted in Thomas Paine’s works and in the 1776 Declaration of Independence[3], and in basic contract law, is legal and requires constant reaffirmation by each generation.The United States Military Academy’s, USMA, located at West Point in New York State, Constitutional Law course, taught that secession is/was legal.[4]
During The War of 1812, The New England states held a secession convention at Stamford Connecticut wherein they voted to not secede. In The Jackson Administration, South Carolina started to secede, and President Jackson sent former president, now Massachusetts’s Senator John Quincy Adams, to mediate a settlement. The dispute was over taxation. The West, North, and Atlantic regions, seeing the amount of cash being collected through the import excise, wanted to increase the import excise which would have put the entire burden on The South, as The South was the predominant importer. A compromise was met, and various divisive but peaceful agreements were made, which effectively permanently created different countries.
Steam.
In the 1840’s and 1850’s, steam power in the form of railroads, steam threshers, and steam tractors become deconstructive and disruptive technological advancements spelling the peaceful end to slavery but are ignored as such. As steam technology advanced, it became more productive versus slave manpower and cheaper to use and maintain. War based on abolition was stupid as slavery became more expensive than steam. Once again, the amount of capital bound into slavery was a crucial and insurmountable impediment to universal manumission.
From 1820 through 1860, taxes on The South made up over 75% of the federal government’s income. Expenditures during that time, show that over 75% of the national budget, was spent on “national improvement” projects, mostly railroads, canals, and toll roads, in the North, Atlantic, and West Regions. Southern politics allow this, as long as their labor capital is left alone or compensation made, and their representation in congress, in both houses, is unaffected. In the early 1850’s a compromise spending plan for a trans-continental railroad is cobbled together in the expectation that this will draw all four Regions together, as well as integrate the Louisiana Purchase lands and the lands taken from Mexico in 1836.
The original track for this line, was: Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Washington District of Columbia, Atlanta, Birmingham, Jackson, New Orleans, and pretty much West along where I-20 currently runs, allowing for then existing geographic and political boundaries, to The Port of Los Angeles. Ambitious project, but one that would certainly benefit all of These United States.
Didn’t happen. The Atlantic and Western Regions got The North to go along with a change, and with a majority in The House, that ran the proposed trans-continental railroad along what is now mostly I-70. So, a project that would be mostly paid by Southerners and that would benefit all, became a project that would be paid by Southerners and not benefit them at all, which was the federal government policy from 1819 forward.
This was not the only issue. The Mason-Dixon Line, the slave-free state entry into the Union issue, slaves as property[5], extension of federal jurisdiction over all water[6], suggestion to re-invade and conquer Mexico and all of Central America through to Columbia and Venezuela as well as the Caribbean, &c.
From 1620 through 1860, although treated differently, notice the prohibitions in the Indiana and Illinois state constitutions of 1848, as well as the political franchise, the post-Civil War animus and violence toward those of African descent, didn’t exist. Both slave and freemen contributions to the economy were too extant to be cavalierly dismissed.
What does trigger this animus?
In 1860, the Liberal Wing of The Republican Party, the abolitionists in particular, join with the splintered Whigs, and nominate Abraham Lincoln. With the Democrats split with two candidates, Lincoln wins the presidential election, and a significant portion of the congress goes liberal Republican.
This drives the first of two secessions.
The seven Deep South States secede and declare Birmingham the capitol of The Confederate States of America[7]. These seven states are where slavery is still strong and a viable and integral part of the economy. States like Virginia have by now, through soil ruination reduced slave populations. The Tidewater will no longer grow crops having been so depleted by King Cotton. Lincoln, in violation of Article I of the U.S. Constitution, declares that he will raise an army and bring the wayward states into line. The authority to raise an army is given to congress in Article I, not the president, and congress is in recess. Then Lincoln states that he will take his army and cross Virginia, a state who has not seceded, to get to the rebels.
Virginia and the other two border states stick to the philosophies in the 1776 Declaration of Independence & States’ Rights as delineated in the 9th and 10th Amendments, and declare that every state has the right to choose its own government. They also declare that any attempted invasion by the unionist/Lincoln army will be met with force. Lincoln proceeds, Virginia and the others secede, and Richmond is made the capital of the C.S.A. The Cause,[8] later known as The Lost Cause is the right to chose one’s own government, as declared and defined in the works of Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson. The Lost Cause is not slavery. It is those Natural Rights enumerated in the works of Thomas Paine and in the 1776 Declaration of Independence.
Lincoln’s responses lead to triggering the war and its devastation. Slavery is not originally an issue, keeping The Union united is the reason for this war.[9]
Keep in mind that up until this point, Lincoln has proposed that all of the slaves be bought and manumitted by the federal government, a process he is told by congress that is unconstitutional as congress has not the authority to buy slaves, and that he believes that all of the Africans thus freed should be shipped back to Africa at taxpayer expense.
Where comes the animus?
The American Civil War is, by far, the bloodiest world conflict to date. Each battle’s casualty list is so long that every European country blanches at them. Antietam/Sharpsburg is so bloody that both Britain and France decide that they should intercede and recognize the CSA as a free and independent country, thus permanently splintering the United States and creating a new and powerful force in North America which will balance and counter the USA’s growth and projected dominion.[10]
Lincoln knows of this European hostility towards his administration as his war has disrupted trade and caused a European recession. In cabinet, he suggests that they change the footing of the war from just union to include abolition & free trade. His first attempt at getting The Emancipation Proclamation approved fails as, once again, everyone who can read decides that Article II does not give him such authority. Lincoln persists and says that the authority to manumit stems from his position as Commander-in-Chief as this is an economic attack on a declared enemy.[11]
Politically, Britain and France, having abolished slavery years ago, for both social and religious reasons, and both with constitutional monarchies, cannot allow themselves to be tainted with supporting slavery. Both governments would be vilified and voted out of office. Thus, they do not recognize The Confederate States of America.
From this stems the violence and animus toward the African and Amer-Indian former slave.[12]
The list of atrocities perpetrated upon the Southern states are in several books in the end-note. They include Butcher Butler’s occupation of New Orleans, Grant’s burning of Jackson MS so many times even after surrendering that Jackson became known as ‘chimney-ville’, and Lincoln’s orders to take innocent hostages and if there were problems in that particular venue, hang the innocents as a lesson to the others, and the taking of personal property as “contraband” and selling it to foreign agents at discounts while keeping the proceeds for personal gain.
As The Emancipation Proclamation was proclaimed, the continuation of the war and the Confederacy’s crushing defeat, economic collapse[13], and double occupation[14] came to be directly blamed on the African former slaves.
Africans and Amer-Indians were badly treated throughout the United States, North, South, Atlantic, West, and Pac-Coast. In World War I, they were drafted. In FDR’s depression, regardless of status or when hired, FDR and SCOTUS allowed Africans to be fired before Whites at the whim of employers and unions. Freedmen, and Irish & Italian immigrants were seen as threats to common wage earners yet potential sources of power to political cliques against established powers.[15]
Yet, things were gradually improving.
World War II sees the turning point and the acceptance of each to the other of both African-Americans and Euro-Americans.[16]
The melting pot of the military experience brings immeasurable assimilation based on experience and not biased talk. Everyone’s blood is red and when seen spilling out of a wound, skin color becomes irrelevant. Everyone being subject to the draft, regardless of color or other background, brings forward a personal commonality difficult to break and requiring more power than rhetoric can provide to break, in the face of common traumatic experience. The military experience of World War II and the need for labor on the home front, creation of a level playing field not seen before, and which continued, even in the Deep South, Strom Thurmond & John Stennis notwithstanding, through the assassination of Dr. King and President Johnson’s racist and SCOTUS’ approved New Society.
The statistics for the period of 1945 – 1967 are profound. Out-of-wedlock births are lower among Blacks than Whites. Upward economic mobility is greater. Educational opportunity and class standing is greater. Lower crime in Harlem NYC than in St. Albans NYC. And it goes on and on[17]. Dr. King’s equal opportunity for all is winning the day. Assimilation and personal success, based on the individual’s character and personal skill set, predominate and predict an economic utopia devoid of division and the possibility of a truly mature society, based on universal Judeo-Christian beliefs.
Moving toward equality is squashed at this point by several cultural and political events. LBJ & Co. put all sorts of exceptions in The Selective Service Act (aka “The Draft”), in §2 which applied mostly to Euro-Americans, college graduates, and specific “essential” job classifications. This disproportionately reduced the Euro-pool candidates and unfairly increased the, now, Black candidates. Affirmative action was introduced both legally and culturally as ‘reparations.’ As a practical matter, it made Blacks a privileged class and the Euro-Middle Class a subordinate, oppressed class paying all the bills, while the intellectual and establishment elites looked on and supervised the redistribution of over twenty-three trillion dollars ($23,000,000,000.00) through various ‘war’ programs and educational assistance farces.[18] Jesse Jackson and Louis Farrakhan, appear to assassinate Dr. King which kills Dr. King’s equality agenda, and they replace it with the victim/reparation Racist agenda, from which they both profit.
As anyone with a knowledge of the basics of organizational theory will tell you, with the exception of The March of Dimes and various religious charitable organizations,[19] just because an organization has reached its goal doesn’t mean that it will go away. It will always try to continue, for good or ill, to keep itself alive, functioning, and providing wages for its employees and benefits, financial or otherwise, to its founders +/or successors. Government programs are no different. Now that a group of permanent victims has been established, and a group defined as oppressors who may be permanently charged with fiscal liability, and a bureaucratic oligopoly[20] created to feed off of this fisc, Racism, based not on race but on the amount of melanin[21] in one’s skin, will go on until either the economic incentives fail or Thomas Chittum’s Civil War II predictions are fulfilled.
Racism in the United State of America is not systemic; it is economic and as long as a regulated Free Market is our economic foundation, will gradually disappear so long as each generation progresses toward complete cultural assimilation; however, Racism, both Euro-Phobic and Afro-Phobic, will continue for as long as some profit from it and its divisiveness, or until the taxpayer revolts and an equal playing field is introduced.
Bibliography
Adams, Charles Slavery, Secession & Civil War
Bartlett, Bruce Wrong on Race
Borneman, Walter R. 1812, The War that Forged a Nation
Callaway, Colin G. The Scratch of a Pen 1763
Cooper, William Jefferson Davis, American
Cox-Richardson, Heather The Death of Reconstruction
Detzer, David Allegiance
Lefkowitz, Mary Not Out of Africa
DiLorenzo, Thomas The Real Lincoln
Hamilton’s Curse
Ellis, Joseph J. Founding Brothers
His Excellency George Washington
Foner, Eric Reconstruction
Foote, Shelby The Civil War: a narrative
Freehling, William Secession
The Road to Disunion (2 Volumes)
Goldsworthy, Adrian The Complete Roman Army
Kaminski, John P. The Founders on the Founders
Kennedy & Kennedy The South Was Right
Kennedy, Roger G. Mr. Jefferson’s Lost Cause
Kukla, Jon A Wilderness so Immense
Maier, Pauline Ratification
Mapp, Alf J. Thomas Jefferson
Marshall, Taylor Thomas Aquinas in 50 Pages
Mason, Matthew Slavery and Politics in the Early American Republic
McCullough, David John Adams
McDonald, Forrest States’ Rights and the Union
McLemore, Richard A History of Mississippi
Middlekauff, Robert The Glorious Cause
von Mises, Ludwig Human Action
Paine, Thomas Common Sense
Rights of Man
Rothbard, Murray N. Conceived in Liberty (5 volumes)
Schumpeter, Joseph A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
Shankman, Andrew Crucible of American Democracy
Sowell, Thomas Vision of the Anointed
Intellectuals and Race
Discrimination and Disparities
Taylor, Alan American Colonies
Thomas, Hugh The Slave Trade
de Tocqueville Democracy in America (2 volumes)
Weisberger, Bernard A. America Afire
Willis, Garry James Madison
[1] Dating back to who knows when. The Roman Legions had enlisted periods starting at 20 years, with, if they wanted to keep you, an option for another ten, and it was at tens thereafter.
[2] Particularly the Ohio River Valley portion of the West, which remained occupied by the Royal Army until 1819 as it took that long for the accords of The Treaty of Versailles 1783 to be fulfilled
[3] “When in the course of human events” – the declaration includes, as do numerous other works, that a people have The Right to establish their own choice of government, as well as that all governmental power derives from The People and that it is a Natural Right, derived from God.
[4] This is one of the principle reasons that so many graduates of the USMA who graduated in the upper half of their classes, went to the Confederacy as generals.
[5] Scott vs Davis, (The Dredd Scott Decision) of the US Supreme Court declaring humans as property – slaves -are not protected by the US Constitution. Another incorrect, political decision by unelected officials.
[6] Justice Story, “if it’s a corncob in a bucket, it’s federal jurisdiction.”
[7] The legal legitimacy for the CSA exists in two arguments: one, the CSA was formed in exactly the same manner as the USA in 1776, and two, read Tom Paine’s pamphlets and the 1776 Declaration of Independence. Both arguments are irrefutable as long as you accept that the USA is legitimate and the statements of Paine and Jefferson are true.
[8] In 1776, known as The Glorious Cause.
[9] An interesting aside at this point: Missouri holds a secession convention and votes to not secede. The MO secessionists recess to Springfield MO and vote to secede, to which the rest of the state mostly ignores them, until … Lincoln sends General Fremont to invade Missouri, which he does at St. Louis declaring Martial Law, to bring them back in line! Decades later, Fremont’s daughter admits that Fremont took the commission so that he could form a kingdom, with himself as king, in the middle of the continent and along the Mississippi River while the rest of the country went to hell in a self-consuming war.
[10] Formalized later as Manifest Destiny, but such was already talked about in the 1790’s and when Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase.
[11] Never mind that there was never a declaration of war as that would have legitimized the CSA, nor, if you actually read it, that it frees no slaves as it only applies to those regions in rebellion where his writ does not run. Read it carefully, it frees NO slaves and leaves those enslaved in union states, like Maryland and Delaware, still enslaved. Slavery is not ended in the USA until passage of the 13th Amendment in 1866.
[12] Keep in mind that according to the 1860 census, 59% of US slaves were of African descent and 38% from Native American Tribes. The rest were made up, mostly, of Chinese and Irish Catholics.
[13] The loss of capital caused by the universal manumission. Anybody know how the union slave states were reimbursed for their slaves?
[14] The first being as the war ended and “Reconstruction” and its carpet baggers took over, and the second when the proposed 14th Amendment was rejected by the Southern states and as a punishment the Southern representatives were ejected from congress and the South reoccupied.
[15] Look at the political corruption in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia during these years. Look at Tammany Hall and the Joseph Kennedy political shenanigans.
[16] For a really good look at 1945 through 2020 read anything by Thomas Sowell, start with his Vision of the Anointed, and make sure that you look at all of his source material.
[17] See Dr. Sowell’s many works on these subjects.
[18] ‘War on Poverty,’ ‘War on Crime,’ ‘Pell Grants,’ ‘War on Drugs.’ ‘The Head Start Program.’ ‘Public Television’ & ‘Public Radio’ – Sesame Street & Evening Commentary ; note that ALL of these programs violate SCOTUS’s Disparate Outcome from Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka which is the test for unconstitutional discrimination. A test that is only applied when Blacks scream discrimination. Notice how it is not used in the current Asian-American Lawsuits against universities for admissions discrimination.
[19] The March of Dimes has moved on to Muscular Dystrophy as a cause and other medical researches, whereas as long as there are poor and disadvantaged among us, The Salvation Army, Sisters of Carondelet, St. Vincent de Paul Society, Samaritan’s Purse, &c, will always be with us and to our benefit and succor. Notice how The Southern Poverty Law Center and The ACLU have taken up the most absurd issues while refusing to take on any cause of action that benefits or diminishes the unfair burdens on Euro-Americans or diminishes African-American windfalls and tax redistributions.
[20] Not at all limited to government bureaucracies. Notice how the corporate world has taken to hiring ‘diversity’ officers, universities with Ethnic and Gender Studies programs, all taught by racists and sexists with vested interests in the continuation of both of these prejudices so that they won’t have to get economically productive positions, LGBTQ commissioners hired to see that homosexual technique is properly taught in high schools in Colorado, how all sorts of resources are wasted in non-productive areas.
[21] Skin color
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